In this edition of our Inclusive Learning Lens, we’re focusing on executive functioning—a set of important skills that support independence, organisation, and learning success both at school and at home.

What is Executive Functioning?
Executive functioning refers to a group of mental skills that help us plan, focus attention, remember instructions, and manage multiple tasks successfully. These skills include:

Working memory (holding information in mind while using it)
Flexible thinking (adjusting to new situations or problem-solving in different ways)
Self-regulation (managing emotions, behaviour, and impulses)
Planning and organisation (setting goals and working towards them step by step)

You might think of executive functioning as the brain’s “air traffic control system”—helping everything run smoothly!

Why is it Important?
Executive functioning is essential for everyday life. At school, children use these skills to:

• Follow instructions
• Stay organised with their belongings and tasks
• Start and complete work
• Manage time and transitions between activities
• Work collaboratively with others

These skills are not just for learning—they are also critical for developing independence and confidence. As children grow, strong executive functioning helps them manage increasing responsibilities both inside and outside the classroom.

When Might Schools Notice Challenges?
Because executive functioning underpins so many aspects of learning, teachers are often the first to notice when a child may need extra support in this area. Some common signs might include:

• Difficulty starting tasks or needing frequent reminders
• Trouble organising school materials or managing time
• Forgetting instructions or losing track of multi-step tasks
• Becoming easily frustrated when plans change
• Struggling to stay focused, even when trying their best

It’s important to remember that executive functioning skills develop at different rates for every child. Challenges in this area are not about ability or effort—they simply mean a child may need additional strategies and support while their skills are growing.

How Can Parents Support Executive Functioning at Home?
The good news is that executive functioning skills can be strengthened over time with practice, structure, and encouragement. Here are some simple ways to support your child at home:
✅ Establish Predictable Routines
Consistent daily routines (morning, homework, bedtime) help children know what to expect and reduce the mental load of planning.
✅ Break Tasks into Small Steps
Large tasks can feel overwhelming. Try breaking them down into simple, manageable steps and guiding your child through them.
✅ Use Visual Supports
Charts, checklists, and visual schedules can make expectations clear and support memory and organisation.
✅ Encourage Independence
Allow your child to take age-appropriate responsibility (packing their bag, organising homework), even if it takes a little longer at first.
✅ Model Thinking Out Loud
Talk through your own planning or problem-solving (e.g., “First I need to…, then I will…”). This helps children learn the process.
✅ Build in Time for Practice
Games that involve memory, strategy, and turn-taking (like board games or puzzles) can strengthen executive functioning in a fun way.
✅ Celebrate Effort and Progress
Praise your child for using strategies, trying again, and showing persistence—not just for getting things “right.”

Working Together
If you have any questions or would like to learn more about how we support executive functioning in the classroom, please don’t hesitate to reach out.

Lauren Forsyth
Learning Enhancement Coordinator